Thursday, June 7, 2012

Floating dock from Japan carries potential invasive species

ScienceDaily (June 7, 2012) ? When debris from the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan began making its way toward the West Coast of the United States, there were fears of possible radiation and chemical contamination as well as costly cleanup.

But a floating dock that unexpectedly washed ashore in Newport this week and has been traced back to the Japanese disaster has brought with it a completely different threat -- invasive species.

Scientists at Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center said the cement float contains about 13 pounds of organisms per square foot, and an estimated 100 tons overall. Already they have gathered samples of 4-6 species of barnacles, starfish, urchins, anemones, amphipods, worms, mussels, limpets, snails, solitary tunicates and algae -- and there are dozens of species overall.

"This float is an island unlike any transoceanic debris we have ever seen," said John Chapman, an OSU marine invasive species specialist. "Drifting boats lack such dense fouling communities, and few of these species are already on this coast. Nearly all of the species we've looked at were established on the float before the tsunami; few came after it was at sea."

Chapman said it was "mind-boggling" how these organisms survived their trek across the Pacific Ocean. The low productivity of open-ocean waters should have starved at least some of the organisms, he said.

"It is as if the float drifted over here by hugging the coasts, but that is of course impossible," Chapman said. "Life on the open ocean, while drifting, may be more gentle for these organisms than we initially suspected. Invertebrates can survive for months without food and the most abundant algae species may not have had the normal compliment of herbivores. Still, it is surprising."

Jessica Miller, an Oregon State University marine ecologist, said that a brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida), commonly called wakame, was present across most of the dock -- and plainly stood out when she examined it in the fading evening light. She said the algae is native to the western Pacific Ocean in Asia, and has invaded several regions including southern California. The species identification was confirmed by OSU phycologist Gayle Hansen.

"To my knowledge it has not been reported north of Monterey, Calif., so this is something we need to watch out for," Miller said.

Miller said the plan developed by the state through the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Oregon State Parks is to scrape the dock and to bag all of the biological material to minimize potential spread of non-native species. But there is no way of telling if any of the organisms that hitchhiked aboard the float from Japan have already disembarked in nearshore waters.

"We have no evidence so far that anything from this float has established on our shores," said Chapman. "That will take time. However, we are vulnerable. One new introduced species is discovered in Yaquina Bay, only two miles away, every year. We hope that none of these species we are finding on this float will be among the new discoveries in years to come."

The possibilities are many, according to Miller.

"Among the organisms we found are small shore crabs similar to our Hemigrapsus that look like the same genus, but may be a different species," Miller said. "There were also one or more species of oysters and small clam chitons, as well as limpets, small snails, numerous mussels, a sea star, and an assortment of worms."

Invasive marine species are a problem on the West Coast, where they usually are introduced via ballast water from ships. OSU's Chapman is well aware of the issue; for several years he has studied a parasitic isopod called Griffen's isopod that has infested mud shrimp in estuaries from California to Vancouver Island, decimating their populations.

In 2010, an aggressive invasive tunicate was found in Winchester Bay and Coos Bay along the southern Oregon coast. Known as Didemnum vexillum, the tunicate is on the state's most dangerous species list and is both an ecological and economic threat because of its ability to spread and choke out native marine communities, according to OSU's Sam Chan, who chairs the Oregon Invasive Species Council.

It is difficult to assess how much of a threat the organisms on the newly arrived float may present, the researchers say. As future debris arrives, it may carry additional species, they point out. However, this dock may be unique in that it represents debris that has been submerged in Japan and had a well-developed subtidal community. This may be relatively rare, given the amount of debris that entered the ocean, the researchers say.

"Floating objects from near Sendai can drift around that coast for a while before getting into the Kuroshio current and then getting transported to the eastern Pacific," Chapman said. The researchers hope to secure funding to go to Japan and sample similar floats and compare the biological life on them with that on the transoceanic dock.

The scientists say the arrival of the dock is also a sobering reminder of the tragedy that occurred last year, which cost thousands of lives.

"We have to remember that this dock, and the organisms that arrived on it, are here as a result of a great human tragedy," Miller said. "We respect that and have profound sympathy for those who have suffered, and are still suffering."

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Video: Will JPMorgan Recover from Massive Loss?

Jason Goldberg, Barclays analyst, explains why he maintains a "buy" rating on JPMorgan despite its recent trading loss, also offering a look at today's surge in financials.

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Wednesday, June 6, 2012

Verdict in Breivik case expected in July or August

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Cops: Hand, foot delivered to Vancouver schools

After two Vancouver schools received packages in the mail containing body parts, authorities are investigating whether there is a connection with Luka Magnotta, the Canadian porn star arrested in Berlin for allegedly murdering and dismembering an acquaintance. NBC's Michelle Kosinski reports.

By Isolde Raftery, msnbc.com and NBC News

Updated at 8:22 a.m. ET: Police have confirmed that a human hand and a foot were delivered to separate elementary schools in Vancouver, B.C., just days after body parts were delivered to the headquarters of Canada?s federal Liberal and Conservative parties.

At a news conference Tuesday, Vancouver Deputy Police Chief Warren Lemcke could not say whether the body parts were connected to the killing and dismemberment of Chinese student Jun Lin in Montreal. The suspect in that murder, Luka Mangotta, 29, was arrested Monday at an Internet caf? in Berlin where he had been reading about himself. He appeared in court behind closed doors at a district court in Germany on Tuesday where he was presented with an arrest warrant, according to NBC News' Andy Eckardt.

Back in Montreal, authorities have discovered several of murder victim Jun Lin?s body parts, although his head, hands and a foot remain missing, according to the Toronto Star. Police there also said that video footage from the killing taken by Magnotta seems to show him eating Lin?s body.


Interpol began searching Thursday for Magnotta, who faces first-degree murder charges in Lin?s death.

Authorities believe that Magnotta flew from Montreal to Paris after posting the grisly murder online, and partied there for days before moving on to Berlin. Witnesses told police that he partied in the Bastille area in east Paris, according to The Associated Press.

Magnotta may be extradited this week, according to the AP.

Grisly murder posted online
Montreal police say?Magnotta filmed the Chinese student's murder and posted it on a website specializing in gore. The video shows a man with an ice pick stabbing another naked, bound male. He also dismembers the corpse and performs sexual acts with it in what police called a horrifying video.

Interpol / EPA

Luka Magnotta, a Canadian porn star accused of murdering and dismembering a Chinese man in Montreal, was arrested in Berlin after partying for several days in Paris.

The warning signs apparently were already there. For nearly two years animal activists had been looking for a man who tortured and killed cats and posted videos of his cruelty online. Since Jun Lin's murder, Montreal police have released a photo from the video which they say is of Magnotta.

Magnotta was accused of sexually assaulting a woman in 2005, but the charges were dropped, the lawyer who represented him at the time said.

In a crime scene Montreal police say is the worst they have seen, his Montreal apartment included a bloody mattress and pools of blood on the floor and in the refrigerator. The police said a janitor found a torso with no head or limbs in a suitcase in an alley behind the building.

Toronto lawyer Peter Scully said he represented Magnotta in a fraud case in 2004 and a sexual assault case in 2005.

"I've had lots of creepy characters and Eric did not stand out as one of them," he said. Scully refers to his client by his previous name, Eric Newman.

Deputy Chief Warren Lemcke briefs reporters about human remains delivered to two Vancouver, B.C. schools on Tuesday.

But Nina Arsenault, a Toronto transsexual who said she had a relationship with Magnotta over a decade ago, described him as a drug user with a temper, who sometimes turned his anger on himself, hitting himself on the head, and other parts of his body.

While Magnotta described himself in an online video interview with a site called "Naked News" as a stripper and male escort, Lin was registered as an undergraduate in the engineering department and computer science at Concordia University in Montreal.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

More world news from msnbc.com and NBC News:

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Tuesday, June 5, 2012

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Army policy makes it difficult for soldiers to get service dogs

Christ Chavez for msnbc.com

Army Specialist David Bandrowsky with "Benny," his prescribed service dog on June 2, 2012. Both are stationed at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas.

By Rebecca Ruiz

One day this spring, Army Specialist David Bandrowsky, 27, played Russian roulette with his .38 revolver.

Bandrowsky planned to end his life, which had been at turns unbearable since he returned from a 16-month deployment in Iraq in 2008. He had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, a traumatic brain injury and depression as a result of his combat experience.

Right before he pulled the trigger, his service dog, Benny, jumped up and knocked the gun out of his hand.

"He saved my life," Bandrowsky said.


Benny was not trained for that scenario, but the 18-month-old Shepard-hound mix has been taught to, among other tasks, push Bandrowsky away from crowds, wake him if he removes a sleep apnea mask at night and nudge him into a petting session if he seems on the verge of a panic attack.

Last fall, Benny was prescribed to Bandrowsky by a mental health counselor at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, where he is stationed. Bandrowsky has received counseling and drug therapy and undergone in-patient mental health treatment twice. It is Benny, though, that gets Bandrowsky through each day. He was paired with Benny in November and feels unsafe if the dog is not at his side.

But Bandrowsky may lose permission to have Benny at Fort Bliss because of an Army policy implemented in January.

That policy, which limits how soldiers can get service dogs, created a regulatory system that critics worry might put the lives of soldiers recovering from physical injuries and mental illness at risk.

In some cases, local posts have issued their own guidelines in addition to the Army's policy, and soldiers report being harassed by fellow soldiers as well as higher-ranking officers for having a service dog.

"They?re trying to make it so difficult that it can?t be done," said Bob Thorowgood, who runs Hounds2Heroes, a service dog program, and has placed service dogs with soldiers at Fort Campbell in Kentucky.

'They aren't like normal pets'
Before January, service dogs were permitted on Army posts as per the American Disabilities Act (ADA), which requires businesses to allow people with disabilities to enter with service animals. Service dogs had frequently been prescribed by mental health counselors or doctors to perform specific tasks for injured soldiers, the majority of whom remain active-duty, but are transitioning through a medical retirement process.

While the ADA does not impose national standards on training, the new Army policy stipulates that dogs must now be provided by organizations approved by Assistance Dogs International (ADI). That umbrella organization certifies local companies and non-profits according to its own criteria, but does not have affiliated chapters in 18 states. Soldiers who want a service dog in a state without an ADI-affiliated organization, such as Louisiana, Montana or Georgia, would have to seek assistance elsewhere.

The policy also requires that soldiers first seek approval for a service dog from their commander. Eligibility would be considered by a panel of health-care professionals, including a primary care doctor, physical therapist and mental health counselor.

Fewer than 60 active-duty soldiers have service dogs at Army bases around the country, estimates Maria Tolleson, a spokeswoman for the Army Medical Command, the agency that issued the new policy.

The agency was developing a new policy early this year, Tolleson says,?when a 6-year-old boy in Oak Grove, Ky., was fatally mauled off-post by a dog belonging to an Army service member at Fort Campbell. The animal was reportedly a service dog. The incident occurred on January 29 and the new policy was issued the next day.

The policy is under review, and representatives of the Army Medical Command met in early May to discuss the changes.

Debbie Kandoll, who is based in Las Cruces, N.M., attended the meeting and has been a vocal critic of the policy, saying that its requirements are prohibitive. Kandoll has placed more than 40 service dogs with soldiers at Fort Bliss through her organization M*A*S*H: Mutts Assisting Soldier Heroes. She believes the policy doesn't acknowledge how instrumental service dogs can be to injured soldiers.?

"We?re talking about disabled Americans who are broken, who are on their way out of the Army and trying to put their lives back together again," she said. "They are trying to achieve a new normal."

The policy means Thorowgood and Kandoll, who are not affiliated with ADI, can no longer provide their services to active-duty soldiers. Neither charges soldiers for thorough training programs or for matching them with an animal, and say they have not received complaints about their service dogs misbehaving.

Sharan L. Wilson, executive director of Freedom Service Dogs (FSD) of America, Inc., an ADI-affiliated service dog organization in Englewood, Colo., believes the Army policy is an attempt to address problems with unqualified service dog providers. She said an official at Fort Carson, also in Colorado, called her recently after a soldier there paid $10,000 for a service dog that was a three-month-old puppy. When the soldier brought the dog into a commander's office, it urinated on the floor.

The Army has to see the professionalism of the service dogs to understand that they aren?t like normal pets, Wilson says. It takes six to nine months for her organization to fully train a service dog and that is followed by a two-week course for the owner as well as an observation period when the trainer visits the dog's new home.

FSD, which relies on donations and grants, places about 35 dogs a year at no cost to the soldier; there are 64 people on the organization's waiting list. Many of the requests FSD receives are from the Wounded Warrior Battalion at Fort Carson.

"The service dogs aren?t a silver bullet, but in the right situation, they really are making a difference," Wilson said. "These dogs are the things that are keeping these guys from committing suicide."

Life has become 'hell'
Since the policy was issued, some posts have written their own rules. At Fort Bliss, a policy published on April 4 stated that soldiers must now exhaust all other treatment options before seeking a service dog. They also must submit a command approval letter to the review panel in addition to other documents. Soldiers who had service dogs prior to the new policy are now required to provide several documents, including a memo from a medical professional documenting at least three tasks that the service dog can perform to assist with specific disabilities.

Bandrowsky says he has not yet been able to provide that document in particular as his off-post mental health counselor was not permitted to write the letter. As a result, he doesn't know if he'll be able to keep Benny.

Dennis R. Swanson, a public affairs officer at Fort Bliss, told msnbc.com that no service dogs have been removed from their owners. "We're just bringing all the service dogs into compliance," Swanson said. "If [a soldier's] dog is not in compliance, then we'll work with them to get a dog that is in compliance."

Even if Bandrowsky is able to keep Benny, he says that having a service dog has subjected him to harassment.

When he joins unit formations, one sergeant will whistle and bark at Benny. Per the Fort Bliss policy, if a service dog is disruptive, a commander can forbid its presence.

Another sergeant makes derogatory remarks about Bandrowsky's need to bring Benny into his office. Since the policy came down, Bandrowsky says, his life has become "hell."

Christ Chavez for msnbc.com

Army Specialist Blake Hilson with his prescribed service dog, "Bella," on June 2, 2012. Hilson is stationed at Fort Bliss, where a new controversial policy is changing the way soldiers get service dogs.

Specialist Blake Hilson, also at Fort Bliss, says he is routinely hassled for having his service dog, Bella, on post. Hilson, who was injured during basic training in February 2010 and hemorrhaged four discs in his back, uses Bella for support if his legs give out, to help him up stairs and to get up.

"Soldiers often accuse me of falsifying all my injuries and that I just want to bring my pet to work," Hilson, 24, said. Recently, a higher-ranking soldier walked by Hilson and Bella as they stood against a wall and kneed the dog in the face. Hilson believes the action was deliberate.

Swanson said any harassment of a soldier is "against Army policy and Army doctrine."

Both Hilson and Bandrowsky are going through the medical retirement process, which can take more than a year. They feel the harassment may be designed to pressure them out sooner by snapping or overreacting. If they are discharged dishonorably, they will lose lifetime healthcare and pension benefits.

Having a service dog "is almost the same thing as having a cane or wheelchair -- you?re looked at as being the weak one in the herd," Hilson said. "They see that as physically weak, but also mentally weak because I need a companion 24 hours a day."

'It's a harassment thing'
These anecdotes do not surprise Thorowgood, who runs Hounds2Heroes in White Plains, Ky.

Thorowgood estimates he placed about 20 service dogs with active-duty soldiers at Fort Campbell who were going through the medical retirement process. In February, the post issued its own rules, specifically forbidding service dogs in transition units for badly injured soldiers. Approval for a service dog, according to the policy, will only happen after a soldier "reaches their highest level of independence and is living off post."

Thorowgood had heard from an injured soldier who was not permitted to ride the shuttle bus on post with a service dog. One soldier with PTSD and TBI in the warrior transition unit who got a service dog and was trying to help others do so was pressured to stop.

"It?s a harassment thing," said Thorowgood, an Air Force veteran.?"To see these people, the way they suffer where they can?t go out in public and then they can when they have a dog -- it?s important me to keep doing what I?m doing."?

Though the Army policy remains under review, other posts, including Fort Hood and Fort Carson, are considering implementing their own policies.

Bandrowsky expects to learn soon if he can keep Benny, but the possibility of losing him is catastrophic.

"I will get chaptered out before I give Benny up,"?Bandrowsky said, referring to a bad conduct or dishonorable discharge. "I?ll give my [medical retirement] up before I give Benny up. Because if I give Benny up ? I can?t."?

Jason Strachman Miller contributed to this report.

Rebecca Ruiz is a reporter at msnbc.com and a 2011-2012 Rosalynn Carter Mental Health Journalism Fellow. Follow her on Twitter here.

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